Quantum Mechanics is a very important part of modern physics. It give us information about the nature and behaviour of particle and system of particles at microscopic level. In this post, we will discuss about the introduction of Quantum Mechanics, Origin of Quantum Mechanics, Photo-electric effect, Compton effect, Solved numerical Problems and Practice Problems on these topics.
Introduction of Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics made up of two words, Quantum and Mechanics. Quantum means the smallest unit of any entity involved in an interaction such as energy or matter. Mechanics concern with the behaviour of particle or system of particles when subjected to forces. So, Quantum Mechanics describe the nature of microscopic particles.
Origin of Quantum Mechanics
Before 1900, the dynamics of objects or a system successfully understand with the help of Newtonian mechanics. Generally Classical Mechanics explains the things, their nature and motion at the macroscopic level. It deals with the physics of systems that can be seen by human eye. Quantum mechanics was developed as a response to the inability of classical mechanics. It explain the nature and motion of particles at atomic and sub-atomic level.
Many difficulties were encountered in explaining the following phenomena by classical mechanics -
- Black body radiation
- Photoelectric effect
- Compton effect
- Radioactive decay
Quantum Mechanics originated in the year 1900 with Max Planck's explanation of the black body radiation curve. Planck assumed that the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiations in discrete quanta having energy E is given by
where h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency. This idea of quantum utilised by Einstein to describe the phenomenon of Photo-electric Effect.
Photo-electric Effect
In 1916 Einstein studied the interaction of visible light with metals and suggested that light is not only absorbed or emitted in quanta but also propagates as quanta of energy hv. The single quanta of light are called photons.
Einstein's photoelectric equation is given as
where
is a work function.
The ultimate application of Photo-electric effect is Photovoltaic cell which convert optical energy into electric energy. There are many applications of photovoltaic cells in modern world like Burglar alarm, Fire Alarm, Television, counting machines, etc.
Compton Effect
In 1921, Prof. Compton discovered that when a beam of monochromatic radiation of high frequency is allowed to fall on a substance, capable of scattering the beam, then scattering beams contains two components of wavelength - the original wavelength
and another wavelength
which is larger than
. The difference in wavelength of the scattered and incident rays is called compton shift.
So, Compton shift is given as
Compton showed that -
Solved Problem-1
Problem - A Photo-electric surface has a work function of 4eV. what is the maximum velocity of the photo-electrons emitted by the light of frequency
incident on the surface?
Solution - We have the relation -
Put these values in equation (1), we get
Solved Problem - 2
Problem - The maximum value of the change in the wavelength of the scattering light in the case of Compton scattering.
Solution - For Maximum :
Mock Test
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is a work function.
and another wavelength
which is larger than 
incident on the surface?
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